and (incomplete list, among others)

Ya joins nouns in an incomplete list, implying there are other items too. Compare to, which gives a complete list. Ya is often paired with nado (and so on) at the end of the list.

Examples

• 机つくえの上うえに本ほんやペンがあります。

  Tsukue no ue ni hon ya pen ga arimasu.

  There are books, pens, and other things on the desk.

• 朝あさはパンや果物くだものを食たべます。

  Asa wa pan ya kudamono o tabemasu.

  In the morning I eat things like bread and fruit.

Vocabulary in these examples

• 机 desk
• 上 above; on top
• 本 book
• ペン pen
• ある to exist (inanimate); to have
• 朝 morning

Related patterns · Particles

• 〜は topic marker (as for ...)
• 〜が subject marker
• 〜を direct object marker
• 〜に（時間） at / on (a specific time)
• 〜に（行き先・相手） to (a destination or a person)
• 〜へ toward, to (direction)